Debunking the Myth of Sunscreen Harming Reefs

Coral reefs are often called the “rainforests of the sea.” They’re vital to marine biodiversity and support millions of species and communities worldwide. But their health is under serious threat—from climate change, pollution, and overfishing.

A recurring concern you’ve probably heard: does sunscreen harm coral reefs? Let’s explore where this idea started, what the science actually says, and how you can make choices that protect both your skin and the sea.

Understanding the Myth

Where It All Began

The conversation started when scientists noticed coral bleaching in popular tourist areas. Some hypothesized that sunscreen chemicals might be harming reefs, and headlines quickly followed.

In 2008, a lab study found coral exposed to sunscreen ingredients bleached under certain conditions. Though this sparked global concern, later studies showed that lab concentrations were often far higher than what’s found in real ocean environments.

What the Science Says Now

Real-World Concentrations Are Lower

A 2022 review by the National Academies of Sciences found that UV filter concentrations in popular beaches are typically far below harmful levels.

Another comprehensive analysis confirmed that the link between sunscreen ingredients and coral decline remains inconclusive.

The Bigger Threats

Climate change, warming oceans, and nutrient pollution are far greater drivers of coral loss than sunscreen ever could be. That doesn’t mean sunscreen is blameless—but it’s not the villain it’s often portrayed to be.

Sunscreen Ingredients: What to Know

Ingredients Under Scrutiny

Some organic UV filters, including oxybenzone (BP-3) and octinoxate, can harm coral larvae or disrupt reproduction at high concentrations.

At Sonrei, we do not formulate with these ingredients. Our entire collection is free from oxybenzone and octinoxate.

Mineral filters like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are typically safer choices—but nano forms are still being studied for potential effects.

The “Reef-Safe” Label

Reef-safe” isn’t a regulated term. The label is mostly a marketing claim, not a scientific certification.

Choosing a Safe & Sustainable Sunscreen

Here are some practical tips to help you make better choices:

• Avoid sunscreens that list oxybenzone or octinoxate if you’ll be swimming near reefs or in sensitive marine ecosystems.

• Cover up with UPF clothing or avoid peak sun hours (10 a.m.–2 p.m.) to reduce the need for heavy reapplication.

• Support brands that are transparent about ingredient sourcing, test results, packaging, and environmental commitments.

• Remember the bigger picture: Even the best sunscreen won’t protect coral if the reef is suffering from heat stress, overfishing or runoff pollution.

The Real Takeaway

The idea that sunscreen is a leading cause of coral reef damage has been greatly overstated. The truth? The most serious threats to coral reefs are rising sea temperatures, acidification, and pollution—not your daily SPF.